modus ponen inference rule
An Epistemic Perspective on Agent Awareness
Naumov, Pavel, Pavlova, Alexandra
The paper proposes to treat agent awareness as a form of knowledge, breaking the tradition in the existing literature on awareness. It distinguishes the de re and de dicto forms of such knowledge. The work introduces two modalities capturing these forms and formally specifies their meaning using a version of 2D-semantics. The main technical result is a sound and complete logical system describing the interplay between the two proposed modalities and the standard "knowledge of the fact" modality.
- Europe > United Kingdom > England > Oxfordshire > Oxford (0.14)
- Asia > India > Tamil Nadu > Chennai (0.04)
- Asia > China > Beijing > Beijing (0.04)
- (9 more...)
Dynamic Logic of Trust-Based Beliefs
Jiang, Junli, Naumov, Pavel, Zhang, Wenxuan
Traditionally, an agent's beliefs would come from what the agent can see, hear, or sense. In the modern world, beliefs are often based on the data available to the agents. In this work, we investigate a dynamic logic of such beliefs that incorporates public announcements of data. The main technical contribution is a sound and complete axiomatisation of the interplay between data-informed beliefs and data announcement modalities. We also describe a non-trivial polynomial model checking algorithm for this logical system.
- North America > United States (0.47)
- Europe > United Kingdom > England > Merseyside > Liverpool (0.04)
- Europe > United Kingdom > England > Hampshire > Southampton (0.04)
- (2 more...)
The Logic of Doxastic Strategies
In many real-world situations, there is often not enough information to know that a certain strategy will succeed in achieving the goal, but there is a good reason to believe that it will. The paper introduces the term ``doxastic'' for such strategies. The main technical contribution is a sound and complete logical system that describes the interplay between doxastic strategy and belief modalities.
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Dhahran (0.04)
- North America > United States > Massachusetts (0.04)
- North America > United States > Texas > Brazos County > College Station (0.04)
- (7 more...)
- Government > Military (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.46)
Shhh! The Logic of Clandestine Operations
Naumov, Pavel, Orejola, Oliver
An operation is called covert if it conceals the identity of the actor; it is called clandestine if the very fact that the operation is conducted is concealed. The paper proposes a formal semantics of clandestine operations and introduces a sound and complete logical system that describes the interplay between the distributed knowledge modality and a modality capturing coalition power to conduct clandestine operations.
- Asia > Russia > Far Eastern Federal District > Chukotka Autonomous Okrug > Anadyr (0.05)
- North America > Cuba (0.04)
- North America > United States > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge (0.04)
- (5 more...)
- Government > Military (0.93)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.93)
Intelligence in Strategic Games
Naumov, Pavel | Yuan, Yuan (Vassar College)
If an agent, or a coalition of agents, has a strategy, knows that she has a strategy, and knows what the strategy is, then she has a know-how strategy. Several modal logics of coalition power for know-how strategies have been studied before. The contribution of the article is three-fold. First, it proposes a new class of know-how strategies that depend on the intelligence information about the opponents' actions. Second, it shows that the coalition power modality for the proposed new class of strategies cannot be expressed through the standard know-how modality. Third, it gives a sound and complete logical system that describes the interplay between the coalition power modality with intelligence and the distributed knowledge modality in games with imperfect information.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.04)
- North America > United States > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge (0.04)
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Wilkes-Barre (0.04)
- (5 more...)
- Leisure & Entertainment > Games (1.00)
- Government > Military > Navy (0.46)
- Information Technology > Game Theory (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Logic & Formal Reasoning (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Agents (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning (0.93)
If You're Happy, Then You Know It: The Logic of Happiness... and Sadness
Azimipour, Sanaz, Naumov, Pavel
To be able to understand and predict human actions, artificial agents must be able to identify, comprehend, and reason about human emotions. Different formal models of human emotions have been studied in AI literature. Doyle, Shoham, and Wellman propose a logic of relative desire [1]. Lang, Van Der Torre, and Weydert introduce utilitarian desires [2]. Meyer states logical principles aiming at capturing anger and fear [3]. Steunebrink, Dastani, and Meyer expand this work to hope [4]. Adam, Herzig, and Longin propose formal definitions of hope, fear, relief, disappointment, resentment, gloating, pride, shame, admiration, reproach, gratification, remorse, gratitude, and anger [5].
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania (0.04)
- North America > United States > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge (0.04)
- North America > United States > California > San Mateo County > Menlo Park (0.04)
- Europe > Germany > Berlin (0.04)
Comprehension and Knowledge
The ability of an agent to comprehend a sentence is tightly connected to the agent's prior experiences and background knowledge. The paper suggests to interpret comprehension as a modality and proposes a complete bimodal logical system that describes an interplay between comprehension and knowledge modalities.
- South America > Colombia > Bogotá D.C. > Bogotá (0.04)
- North America > United States > New York (0.04)
- North America > United States > Illinois (0.04)
- (3 more...)
Epistemic Logic of Know-Who
Epstein, Sophia, Naumov, Pavel
The paper suggests a definition of "know who" as a modality using Grove-Halpern semantics of names. It also introduces a logical system that describes the interplay between modalities "knows who", "knows", and "for all agents". The main technical result is a completeness theorem for the proposed system.
- North America > United States > California > Los Angeles County > Los Angeles (0.04)
- North America > United States > New York > Tompkins County > Ithaca (0.04)
- North America > United States > Hawaii (0.04)
- (4 more...)
Duty to Warn in Strategic Games
The paper investigates the second-order blameworthiness or duty to warn modality "one coalition knew how another coalition could have prevented an outcome". The main technical result is a sound and complete logical system that describes the interplay between the distributed knowledge and the duty to warn modalities.
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania > Northampton County > Easton (0.04)
- North America > United States > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge (0.04)
- North America > United States > California > Los Angeles County > Claremont (0.04)
- (3 more...)
Blameworthiness in Security Games
Security games are an example of a successful real-world application of game theory. The paper defines blameworthiness of the defender and the attacker in security games using the principle of alternative possibilities and provides a sound and complete logical system for reasoning about blameworthiness in such games. Introduction In this paper we study the properties of blameworthiness in security games (von Stackelberg 1934). Security games are used for canine airport patrol (Pita et al. 2008; Jain et al. 2010), airport passenger screening (Brown et al. 2016), protecting endangered animals and fish stocks (Fang, Stone, and Tambe 2015), U.S. Coast Guard port patrol (Sinha et al. 2018; An, Tambe, and Sinha 2016), and randomized deployment of U.S. air marshals (Sinha et al. 2018). Defender \Attacker Terminal 1 Terminal 2 Terminal 1 20 120 Terminal 2 200 16 Figure 1: Expected Human Losses in Security Game G 1. As an example, consider a security game G 1 in which a defender is trying to protect two terminals in an airport from an attacker. Due to limited resources, the defender can patrol only one terminal at a given time. If the defender chooses to patrol Terminal 1 and the attacker chooses to attack Terminal 2, then the human losses at Terminal 2 are estimated at 120, see Figure 1. However, if the defender chooses to patrol Terminal 2 while the attacker still chooses to attack Terminal 2, then the expected number of the human losses at Terminal 2 is only 16, see Figure 1. Generally speaking, the goal of the defender is to minimize human losses, while the goal of the attacker is to maximize them. However, the utility functions in security games usually take into account not only the human losses, but also the cost to protect and to attack the target to the defender and the attacker respectively.
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania > Northampton County > Easton (0.04)
- North America > United States > California > Los Angeles County > Claremont (0.04)